Nature. 2025 Feb; 638(8051): 711-717

Roland Heynkes 6.4.2026, CC BY-SA-4.0 DE

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Gliederung

NR BACO

AU Arev P. Sümer, Hélène Rougier, Vanessa Villalba-Mouco, Yilei Huang, Leonardo N.M. Iasi, Elena Essel, Alba Bossoms Mesa, Anja Furtwaengler, Stéphane Peyrégne, Cesare de Filippo, Adam B. Rohrlach, Federica Pierini, Fabrizio Mafessoni, Helen Fewlass, Elena I. Zavala, Dorothea Mylopotamitaki, Raffaela A. Bianco, Anna Schmidt, Julia Zorn, Birgit Nickel, Anna Patova, Cosimo Posth, Geoff M. Smith, Karen Ruebens, Virginie Sinet-Mathiot, Alexander Stoessel, Holger Dietl, Jörg Orschiedt, Janet Kelso, Hugo Zeberg, Kirsten I. Bos, Frido Welker, Marcel Weiss, Shannon P. McPherron, Tim Schüler, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Petr Velemínský, Jaroslav Bružek, Benjamin M. Peter, Matthias Meyer, Harald Meller, Harald Ringbauer, Mateja Hajdinjak, Kay Prüfer, Johannes Krause

TI Earliest modern human genomes constrain timing of Neanderthal admixture

QU Nature. 2025 Feb; 638(8051): 711-717. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-08420-x. Epub 2024 Dec 12

AB Modern humans arrived in Europe more than 45,000 years ago, overlapping at least 5,000 years with Neanderthals1-4. Limited genomic data from these early modern humans have shown that at least two genetically distinct groups inhabited Europe, represented by Zlatý kun, Czechia3 and Bacho Kiro, Bulgaria2. Here we deepen our understanding of early modern humans by analysing one high-coverage genome and five low-coverage genomes from approximately 45,000-year-old remains from Ilsenhöhle in Ranis, Germany4, and a further high-coverage genome from Zlatý kun. We show that distant familial relationships link the Ranis and Zlatý kun individuals and that they were part of the same small, isolated population that represents the deepest known split from the Out-of-Africa lineage. Ranis genomes harbour Neanderthal segments that originate from a single admixture event shared with all non-Africans that we date to approximately 45,000-49,000 years ago. This implies that ancestors of all non-Africans sequenced so far resided in a common population at this time, and further suggests that modern human remains older than 50,000 years from outside Africa represent different non-African populations.

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